The Greening of Mars [story] Part II

It took all day to climb the plateau; it wasn’t as high as it looked, but Lily went carefully. Climbing solo, outside the confines of the homestead setup, would be challenging. Once she summited she stood for a moment and took it all in: green spilled over in every direction. She rode an island of crystallized lava through a swamp overflowing from Earth. This was the new world—built on top of the new world. Fortunately, Lily liked change.

The plateau was several miles in diameter, and the height varied. She would head for the highest point tomorrow. She’d brought an environmental suit with her, just in case the atmosphere hadn’t made it this far yet. But she was in no danger: the air felt thinner, but it was probably just exhaustion from the climb that made her breathing difficult. Though no plants had made it to these rocks, there was oxygen and the red air was only a bit chillier than the green. She set up camp and went asleep as soon as she hit her sleeping bag.

She woke and checked her messages, out of habit: Daniel had called a few times. He was somewhere far away, buried in the greenery and their relationship felt even more distant. She spent the day walking over the crags, enjoying the view inside and outside this red haven. This space would have to be persevered, she knew, and it likely would be once the scientists catalogued every inch of it. But it would never be fresher, less human, than it was today. Lily smiled and continued through the breezeless space.

Her head kept flitting from rock to rock as she moved, looking for any hint of life. There was nothing—no plants, red or otherwise, no visible fungi or bacteria. Biologists would have to decide whether or not anything was living up here, but as far as Lily could tell, they would be disappointed. The rock didn’t even move: the stony plateau seemed to be one piece all fused together. It was impenetrable: she couldn’t even smash the tiniest shavings that had been scattered by time or meteorites. Adamantine was exactly right.

The uniformity of the plateau surface made Lily focus more on the scenery. Swamps, forests, plains were already forming on the horizons. The terraformers sure knew their business. One distant stand of trees seemed to climb suddenly upward, before Lily realized she had fallen down. The level ground had opened into a pit.

Lily rubbed her throbbing ankle and looked around. She sat within a bowl shape, perhaps a hundred meters in diameter, which had been cut out from the single stone of the plateau. There were four rectangular pillars, about a kilometer or so on each side, rising into the bowl’s negative space. She could see striations in the stone, but the color was nearly uniform; this whole plateau might have been a single massive stone rising from Mars’s core.

“And the green grass grew all around and around, and the green grass grew all around….” Lily mumbled. She smiled. What a place to be stuck, inside of the most unique point on Mars. She sighed and turned on her signaling chip. Daniel and any others would be able to track her down easily. When they got around to it. In the meantime, Lily wrapped her ankle with a long scarf and took a nap.

She awoke after nightfall, freezing. She had heaters in her pack, but had forgotten to turn them on. Actually, she hadn’t meant to sleep as long as she had. Now it seemed impossible to go back to sleep. She ate and thought about how long she had up here until rescuers appeared. It depended on how close they’d come to her position before she’d turned on her location chip. Perhaps a day or two, maybe even longer. The trip and the climb had been exhilarating—the best things she’d done in years—but now she wanted to go home. Her foot ached. Still, home meant dealing with Daniel.

Lighting her lamp, Lily thought she would make the most of her time alone. No human had ever seen this place, these pillars before. It would make for a beautiful memory.

Hopping on her good ankle, Lily gingerly made her way to the first pylon. She jerked her hand back from it instinctively: it was icy. In the lamplight the pillar shone in a shade of wine, outlined in black by the open sky. Someone with machines far beyond humans had scooped out this hardest of surfaces eons ago. And, Lily found, those same creatures had apparently written all over those columns. Symbols and imagery carved into these timeless towers gave them simultaneously an ancient and a modern feel. This was Mars’s palimpsest, perhaps the meeting ground of Martian ancients throughout time and travail. Or maybe it was just the ravings of a mad Martian who’d cracked his own ankle here millennia before. Lily traced the carvings with her finger, as she was used to the cold by now. Let the archaeologists take images of this site. She had the luxury of simply absorbing it.

An hour passed, and Lily realized how exhausted she was. This time she remembered the heater. In the moments before consciousness receded, she listened to soft ticking of her locater. Perhaps only a few more hours of peace.

She guessed correctly. She awoke to the sound of Daniel calling her name from the rim of the bowl.

“Lily! Thank God you’re alive.” His face darkened. “What are you doing in there?”

She smiled and blinked. “Relaxing.”

“Are you hurt?”

“My ankle is.”

“We’ll get you out of there. I have Boggs and Tyler with me. Just hang in there.”

“It’s all right. It doesn’t hurt much.”

Daniel just pursed his lips and shook his head. It was one of his favorite expressions.

“There’s writing down here,” Lily offered.

“What?”

“Martians. It has to be. They left some stories or poetry or driving direction on these pillars. You guys should take a look at it.”

“Once we get you settled, sure thing.” The two men with Daniel appeared at the rim and waved down at Lily. She returned the expression.

An hour later they were inside the vertical cave with her. Once they were assured of Lily’s comfort, the three men explored the pillars, snapping images right and left.

“These are going to be worth a fortune,” Boggs said.

Tyler grunted something similar.

Daniel ran his hand over the carvings and tried to make some sense from the cloven lines. “I studied plenty of languages, but nothing like this. The symbols don’t even look like symbols. Scholars are going to be working on these for a hundred years, I bet. Certainly beyond me.”
“There’s a button over here.”

The rest of them looked at the pillar Boggs was photographing.

“Right here,” he said, pointing to an indentation in the rock. “It’s the only bit of rock that’s not perfectly straight. It’s rounded inward.” He placed his thumb on it. Somewhere far beneath the plateau, a sound bellowed upward toward the humans. It was the deepest sort of whale-song, throaty, low, at the very base of bass. The pillar didn’t move.

“Nobody touch anything else,” Daniel said, but the only response was the song of Mars once again, rising and filling their heads with its vibrations. “Tyler!”

“Sorry, bud. My finger was already on it before you said anything.”

“It’s all right. Doesn’t look like anything’s happened. Might be an old mechanism, some way of moving these pillars up and down. Who knows? Whatever it is probably rusted over thousands of years ago. No harm in it, I guess.” These words seemed to make up his mind, and Daniel hit the button on the inside of his pylon next. The sound returned, though they were becoming accustomed to it. The earth’s shaking unsettled Daniel, though.

“Never mind—I shouldn’t have done that. We should get off of this thing. I don’t want that last button pressed. No telling what it does. Lily, we’ll hoist you out of here and then we’ll figure out a way to repel down with you.”

Lily nodded absently. She was staring at the button on the last pillar.

“Lily, don’t touch it! I swear, you never listen to anything I say.” Daniel’s face was red.

Lily knew he was probably embarrassed about having already pushed three out of the four mystery buttons. He usually displaced anger at himself toward whomever else was around. Usually towards her. That was all it took. She realized she hated him, and pushed the button.

“Don’t!” Daniel yelled. The other two men just shifted their gaze from Daniel to Lily, then back to the pylon. Nothing visibly moved, but the sound within the stone grew louder and louder, a roaring wave of a groan, a yawn from within the planet’s belly. The rock trembled and the figures inside it grabbed hold of the pillars to steady themselves.

A few moments and silence returned. Lily grinned at Daniel: she couldn’t help it. He just shook his head at her.

“You’re lucky this whole rock didn’t explode, Lily. Let’s get out of here.” He gestured for the others to give Lily a hand, and they all began to retrace their steps up the ropes, out of the bowl, and back to the settlement. Lily couldn’t stop smiling. They all kept their thoughts to themselves.

#

Lily enjoyed the drive back: the world was lusher now than it had been on her way out. Green trees and brush climbed higher and higher toward the stars. Birds had appeared, too, and the ground was alive with tiny creatures. On Earth they would have seemed a nuisance, but here they were welcome.

Back at the settlement she expected a welcoming party. No one seemed all that interested in the returning adventurers.

Lily spotted her friend, Margaret and finally got her attention. Lily pointed to her leg: “I’m all right, but I left most of my mobility up on that plateau.”

Margaret forced a smile. “Glad to have you back. Were you able to get any transmissions while you were on the rock?”

“No, I was busy breaking my ankle,” Lily said. “I figure I’ll catch up my shows while this thing recovers. What did I miss?”

Margaret flipped a switch and turned on her visual feed: Lily blinked and stared at the projection.

“I don’t see anything.”

Margaret nodded. “That’s the point. All transmissions from Earth have shut down.”

“What? All of them? How long ago?”

“Three days.”

Lily felt sick. There’d never been an outage longer than a few minutes. “Are the mechanics working on it?”

“It’s not on our side, Lily. Everything here’s perfect. Our signals are still getting through the new atmosphere just fine. There might be something out in space blocking it, for all we know. Earth wouldn’t just shut all of its systems down without telling us.”

“Sure, that makes sense.” Lily couldn’t imagine a satellite big enough to intercept transmissions for more than a few minutes. “Aliens?”

Margaret shook her head. “Nothing in the sky, at least not that we can tell. Since yesterday, they’ve started searching through all spectrums now. The old telescope should be back online soon. They’re going to take a look at Earth and see what’s going on.”

Lily nodded in silence, and then hobbled back home with help from the others. Could it be a world war? Plague? Boycott? Political turmoil? For the first time in ages, Lily thought of her relatives back on Earth. What did they know that they couldn’t tell her? What did they see? Her ankle ached and she slept fitfully that night.

The next morning Margaret found Lily and helped her limp out into the public square. The bubbles had been turned off, now that the atmosphere was secured. A stranger could have been fooled into thinking this was Earth. But that only made Lily worry more.

“The telescope feed is working,” one of the mechanics, Kira, yelled to the growing crowd. “Just wait a moment and we’ll send it through to the feed.” Kira pointed toward the massive movie projector that had occupied the central bubble for as long as Lily could remember.

Crowded in among the others, Lily watched and waited. Daniel had disappeared somewhere, and that was some comfort. She held her breath as the projection sputtered into life.

Lily and the rest watched a virtual sphere spin into place before her eyes. Lily was startled, and then relieved. “It’s Mars,” she said, “somebody left an old program in the player.”

Kira looked at Lily and shook her head. “That’s not Mars—Mars is green.”

Lily frowned and squinted at the projection. She saw the red, red planet. The Red Earth. Her heart fell.

It was the pillars—the buttons. It had to have been. The ancient god of war had won his last battle, though gasping through the thickets of green poison, seeded on his planet. From that bloody plateau, Mars had spilled his last drops and drowned the Earth. Jus ad bellum.

Green Mars, Red Earth. In Lily’s head, the words danced across her mind, unbidden: and the red rock grew all around and around, and the red rock grew all around…

 

 

END

The Greening of Mars [story] Part I

It was sudden: if you looked through a telescope the night before and looked again the next night, you would have missed it. The Red Planet was now the Green Planet, and Venus turned even greener with envy. Blue Earth stood between the two, attempting to keep the peace.

There had been talk of terraforming Mars since the first humans landed on it. Early life-support domes incorporated miniature atmospheres and microorganisms, blowing bubbles of green on Mars’s lava-hued lands.

Then the word came: we could green it! And now! Some of the Mars pioneers opposed it: their bubbles were safe and solid. Why risk everything on untested technology? Of course, everyone Earthside argued that there was no better place to test it than the next-door planet. Though their voices were further away, they yelled loudest, and eventually the compromise came down from earth: They send rockets to the far side of Mars, away from the settlements, and that would give them time to study the effects of the launch before the pioneers would see the change.

It turned out the company was wrong. Their claims were much too modest: once the proprietary mix—rumored to be some combination of algae, spores, bacteria, primordial ooze, and just a pinch of radioactive ferns—spewed from the smashed rocket fuselage, there was no stopping it. The wiping of the planet from red to green was just the turn of a very large page. Within hours, one might have believed it had always been this way.

It took years to make that green into something useful, though. The pioneers who’d survived the wave of reconstruction watched with anger as a new planet seeded itself around them. Ferns gave way to bushes, and bushes to trees. Eventually insect life buzzed around as though it had always been there. The pioneers shouted back at Earth that they’d left mosquitos behind for a reason. However, they didn’t complain about the thickening of Mars’s atmosphere, which brought with it a regulation of temperature and gases that allowed them to leave their domes for the first time. You took the good with the bad.

Eventually some of the braver settlers thought that surveying the new Mars might become an industry unto itself. Or else they simply tired of farming.

One day, a settler named Lily saw her namesake flowers in bloom for the first time since leaving Earth. The call was too much to ignore.

“I want to see this new world. That’s why we came here, right?”

Her husband, Daniel, worried. “You have to let things settle, my dear. We’re not explorers anymore—we’re settlers, now. Things have to calm down out there a bit before we chance an adventure. Let the flowers grow and die and return in a year and we will see what’s out there.”

Lily nodded and went to bed. But after Daniel was asleep, Lily rose to her feet, gathered the essentials, and walked out of their bubble.

It wasn’t the first time she’d left it, but this time she had no immediate plans to return. It was beautiful: so like earth. At least, like what she had learned of earth. She’d been born on Mars, and had wondered what she was missing all this time. It was a beautiful world.

Out of provisions, Lily returned home three days later. Daniel wouldn’t speak to her for another two days. But Lily didn’t mind: it was the quietest their little bubble had been in a long time. That was the most beautiful thing about New Mars: the noises were limited to insects buzzing and leaves scraping. There was a breeze now, under the fresh atmosphere. You could breathe and walk and listen without any technology more advanced than a picnic basket. The effect was intoxicating. She wanted to go again, even further. This was real pioneering.

“No. I don’t want you to leave the bubbles. We have no idea what’s living and growing out there. Let the surveyors do their jobs first. That’s the risk they have to take.”

“I want to risk it, too,” Lily answered.

Daniel’s tone softened. “I know. But you can’t leave me here alone. There’s nothing out there that’s worth losing you over.”

So Lily waited. She didn’t want to, but she hated seeing Daniel like that.

#

A month later, the surveyors made a discovery. Made her discovery, Lily decided. The terraforming had been largely successful, but the explorers had found something strange, and the company was shuffling its feet a bit. “Well,” the executives said, “the greening has been mostly completed.” The rest was sure to follow.

But a month after that, the single red spot on Mars remained, and the border of green surrounding it had made no motion to cover it. That single red spot, a few kilometers in diameter, surrounded the Eirene Plateau. No one but the cartographers had paid any attention to this plateau before; it sat about a hundred kilometers from the major earth settlements, and had no feature to attract humans to its steep incline. Now it was the only thing on Mars that remained a mystery.

After the surveyors were through, a geologist took his turn. “Adamantine,” he said. “This is something new, some unknown mineral makes a ring around these rocks. It’s blocking the terraform’s completion.” People scoffed at the thought of a new element: but the Martians were proud to finally possess something that brought out the jealousy and curiosity of their Earthling cousins.

Several farmers tried to seed the new land: with grasses, trees, and fungus spores. Nothing grew beyond the line of new rock. Even the insects wouldn’t cross over it. The sun shone red amidst newly-green Mars.

This was enough for some of the farmers. They had an entire planet at their fingertips now. They happily left the problem to someone else and began to till and plow new fields. The military let it be: they would have their hands full watching the animal and plant life that developed out of a void. They couldn’t chase imagined threats when there were real ones at hand. The corporation were happy with a ninety-nine percent completion of the job. (They had been shooting for ten percent.)

The religious among the settlers thought the red patch was best left alone. Either it was a holy place or a stairway to hell, and either way it was not to be encountered. The Popes and Patriarchs of earth called for any ordained among the pioneers to bless the rocks, but none of the local clergy were particularly interested. It was easier to confess your sins from 1000 miles away than to bravely approach the abyss.

Tourists weren’t encouraged to follow the path out of the settlement toward what was now being dubbed Blood Plateau. Not that there were many tourists coming from earth anyway. After the initial novelty had worn off, shuttle voyages had grown fewer. That’s how the pioneers liked it.

Daniel said as much to Lily one day. “Aren’t you glad about the plateau? It will keep all those rich bastards from Earth away.”

“I’m happy it appeared, yes.” She answered. “Why don’t you want anyone to visit?” She already knew the answer.

“People are disgusting. At least here you can keep them out of your bubble. Well, most of them, anyway.”

Lily looked up from her desk. “What’s that supposed to mean?”

“I’m just joking.” Daniel smiled at her.

She forced a smile back, but said nothing.

“Besides, if Earth stays crowded, we’ll make our fortune selling organics back to them. Keep the home planet crowded and leave us a Green Mars, and we’ll soon be the rich bastards.”

Lily nodded and continued to read.

#

The next time Lily left, she was actually ready. Her vehicle was loaded with food stores and camping gear. There was nothing to hold her back. Daniel was of little consequence, and she had no interest in their land or his possessions. The plateau called her.

Newborn terrain fought against her, but she pressed on through marshlands and jungles that had sprung up nearly overnight. The atmosphere had been turned up temporarily to collect heat and moisture on the surface, and Lily was glad she’d brought a water filtering system. It would have been impossible to bring enough of her own stores to survive this trek.

After three days of hard driving, sometimes walking alongside her vehicle as it inched through the thickets of Green Mars, Lily found the perimeter. For a moment she stood an inch from the red rock and looked right and left, tracing the perfect ribbon of green grass and undergrowth that drew a straight, infinite line.

As far as she knew, no one had climbed the rock yet. Plans had been laid, but the Earth-born geologists and surveyors were too old to undertake the climb. The provisional government of Mars had ordered a halt to exploration until an adequate team from Earth could arrive.

It wouldn’t have made any difference, though: no one was interested in climbing the Blood Plateau—except for Lily. She’d climbed rocks virtually plenty of times. Virtual climbing had the benefit of offering you muscles without the threat of death. Her hands knew where to grip, her feet where to step. She wouldn’t need equipment beyond her lines, harnesses, and shoes. At least she hoped not.

It was too dark to begin now, so Lily, set up camp on the green side of the line. Before sundown she walked to the edge once more, and inched one foot forward, planting it down on Red Mars. She held that frozen step for a minute, before returning to her tent. The rains were picking up, and they would use their force to make up for lost time on this dry planet. Tomorrow she would move the other foot across, and see how far it would take her.

Star Trek: Love in Fake Places

I’ve always liked the original Star Trek’s “This Side of Paradise” from the first season, where the Enterprise crew finds itself shot by tranquilizing spores on an Edenic rural world and forced to have a great time screwing around. I’m also quite fond of the two episodes of The Next Generation when Geordi La Forge has to solve a puzzle with the help of the real or the holographic version of eminent super space scientist Dr. Leah Brahms. I am particularly interested in the second episode of the La Forge-Brahms encounters, as this one, “Galaxy’s Child,” brings us the real Brahms, who is not nearly as interested in the Enterprise’s Chief Engineer as Geordi’s computer version of Brahms had convinced him.

The common theme connecting “This Side of Paradise” and “Galaxy’s Child”/“Booby Trap” is finding love in an impossible place. Spock’s spore encounter on Omicron Ceti III leaves him fully human, it appears, and allows his suppressed emotions to surface. He rekindles interest with an old friend, Leila Kalomi, and in his emotional state the two fall (again? deeper?) in love. In Geordi’s story, he doesn’t really fall in love with anyone: in the first episode, “Booby Trap,” he uses the holodeck to produce a virtual version of Leah Brahms to help him solve his space problem (it works, though I’ll leave the physics of this to another discussion). In the second part (a season later), “Galaxy’s Child,” the real Leah Brahms shows up and Geordi expects her to be as friendly (and interested in him) as her holodeck character.

So, obviously some differences in these two encounters. Spock is essentially drugged, whereas Geordi is in his right mind (or thereabouts). Leila actually did love Spock, while Brahms was already married and shuts down Geordi with crushing finality (to his credit, he says he didn’t know she was married—though I can’t really believe he would miss reading that on her Facebook profile).

Both stories are solid: Spock’s is the more emotional story, and it really is touching to see him fall in love and really be into someone, and be able to enjoy himself. When you see him walking around the ship so stilted every episode, so measured, you really want the Vulcan to get a vacation, and he finally does. A real vacation, from himself. For Geordi, we see the intellectual story, where he has to turn off his heart and get his head in gear to solve the problem—including working with someone he had been interested in who really dislikes him (at least initially).

What’s interesting, though, is that both these stories ask a similar question, despite having completely different appeals and conclusions. Both episodes ask us, is it better to live in the dream or better to occupy your own depressing reality? If Spock stayed on Omicron Happyland III or whatever, would he have been Spock anymore? Or just a recovering half-Vulcan? And though this is a bit of a stretch, Geordi might never have met the real Leah Brahms, and clung instead to his holodeck idea of her—perhaps going to Barclayian lengths (Dwight Schultz is really the best) to live out a holodeck fantasy with fake Leah (I would be happy to write this episode arc).

But, on some level, both characters realize that to choose love or the idea of love over the reality of work and fellowship is to choose the false thing for the true. And though these episodes are very different, they both involved recognizing that a thing can be false or incorrect for oneself, even if it’s not an impossibility. Both choose the responsibility and dulness of reality—working with colleagues—to a lover’s fantasy. Because neither of them are lovers, and to be so would change them too much, they realize (perhaps subconsciously). Thus despite the buried desires that surface in these episodes, both Spock and Geordi keep their covenants with their true selves. In fact, neither one ever ends up in a substantial relationship with anyone—about the fullest commitment you can make to your identity.

The Return of the Jedi is Better than The Empire Strikes Back

I realize this title is heresy. This is really a test to see if you can even try to make that case.

I’m one of those (flawed) individuals who believes that the original Star Wars film (A New Hope, if you must) is superior to its sequel, The Empire Strikes Back. This is a personal decision I’m not interested in debating, though I know the consensus that the sequel trumps the original in character development, plot lines, and production value. We’ll leave that aside for another time.

While the importance and relative value of Hope and Empire is debatable, what’s not debatable is The Return of the Jedi’s place in the pantheon. It is certainly the third, perhaps the fourth best film in the saga, and depending on how J.J. Abrams’s lens flares translate into galaxies far, far away, Jedi may be pushed even further down the list.

It shouldn’t be. Here’s everything wrong with Jedi: the Ewoks. They gave it that kid-friendly, collect-them-all aspect that really kick-started George Lucas’s much-maligned moneymaking world tour. It’s pretty much just the Ewoks.

What else is bad? The pacing is a little weird. We spend an awful lot of time on the opening rescue of Han Solo, then do the Dagobah retread and watch Frank Oz die in the swamp, followed by the whirlwind Rebel Fleet tour that feels totally decentered, and finally we alternate between three endings—all at the same time—rotating between the Emperor’s throne room, the Battle of Endor, and California Forest Moon Ewok Crawl.

The characters are all fine, still. Darth Vader is fascinating here, and the triad of him, Luke, and the Emperor all taunting/threatening/defying/cajoling one another remains, to me, a tragedic masterpiece act within the overall space opera. Luke (dressed in Hamlet’s Jedi robes) has grown up from the whiny kid, Vader has grown weary of being a robot (and an absentee father) while struggling to find a way to quit his job as the Emperor’s lapdog. The Emperor here is alternately hysterical and terrifying. He’s the perfect mix of crazy “grandfather” thrown into the oedipal power struggle of Luke and Vader.

The action in the movie is as good as it gets. Aside from Ewoks, there’s much less cheese than you might anticipate. It’s a great adventure, and that Jedi-Sith triad at the end of the film covers a multitude of sins.

And who doesn’t like to see possible incest get sorted out so cleanly? What a relief Leia was a little more in love with Han than her bro. Yeah, the ending is kind of a joke, but what do you do after saving the universe and narrowly losing it? You have to laugh, right?

 

In contrast: Empire has its own faults. It’s as episodic as Jedi, (though this is not really a fault if we buy into Lucas’s original “Flash Gordon” serialized vision). Thus we have ice planet, swamp planet, space time, cloud planet, space time. Basically the film equals its siblings in this, and in its pacing issues (I’d argue). The movie is terrific fun, of course, but it’s really not that different than Jedi.

The major difference here is the love story: there is one in this film. That’s it. That’s where your whole plot arguments stem from. Once again, I’ll give you that it’s a wonderful love story. It’s fun, it’s witty, it’s perfect, and it is really over by the time Jedi rolls around.

But this movie has its own Ewoks: Yoda. I’m not going to argue that point, because by now we’re all required to love Yoda. Still, he’s so obviously made for kids and toys.

And though Empire’s impact is tremendous in complicating its main villain (in the big reveal that Vader was Luke’s father), I still believe the throne room scene between Luke, Vader, and the Emperor in Jedi means more. In Empire, we still have our brave, rash hero and his nemesis/archetypal father. But in Jedi, our hero is in black, scarred (and disfigured) by facing his foe, and battling demons inside and outside throughout Jedi. Luke manages to finally become a complicated character in Jedi, something Han Solo achieved in Empire. Our protagonist becomes real to us in this last act. And not only him, but Darth Vader, Dread Lord of the Sith, finds himself battling between the same temptations Luke faces—the need for power and the desire to destroy it. The villain becomes a sacrificial figure. The Emperor, the uber-villain, simply cackles and watches most of this struggle play out. He’s both an audience surrogate and a manipulator of all plots, all characters. To finally see the man pulling the strings of an entire galaxy, finally, and to see him undone by the very forces he created, makes for a perfect ending.

Empire’s ends strongly: where in Hollywood do we see the bad guys win? In contrast the coda of Jedi (the celebration on Endor) feels silly. But the real center and ending of Jedi are the throne room scenes between three forces struggling to save or end the galaxy. And though it is dragged down by the uneven remainders of that sixth episode in the Star Wars saga (as fun as it is to watch Jabba choke, this might have been a completely different episode—just like the Battle of Hoth in Empire), I think this exploration of archetypal forces pushes Jedi into the top spot.

So I suppose I should say Return of the Jedi is the best forty-five minute film of the series.